Owning a forklift is not just a one-time expense; it also entails a long-term financial commitment. Many entrepreneurs wonder what costs they will face when owning a forklift over time. This article will analyze various aspects of forklift ownership costs, help you understand what to pay attention to, and how to optimize expenses to ensure the investment is worthwhile.

Forklift Ownership Costs – Purchase

Initial Costs

The first and most significant step is purchasing the forklift itself. This decision will have a lasting impact on your business. Initial costs can vary significantly based on various factors such as brand, model, load capacity, and additional equipment.

1. New Forklift

Purchasing a new forklift is an investment that comes with higher initial costs but offers numerous benefits that can outweigh the price.

  • Warranty and Reliability: New forklifts typically come with a full manufacturer’s warranty, minimizing the risk of breakdowns and repair costs during the initial years of use.
  • Modern Technology: Newer models are often equipped with the latest technologies that can enhance operational efficiency and operator safety.
  • Lower Risk of Failure: New equipment generally has a lower risk of technical problems compared to used ones, leading to less downtime.

The cost of a new forklift depends on the technical specifications, for example:

  • Electric Forklifts: Prices start at around PLN 80,000 for basic models and can reach up to PLN 300,000 for more technologically advanced versions with higher load capacities.
  • Combustion Forklifts: Prices range from around PLN 60,000 to PLN 250,000, depending on engine power and additional equipment.
  • LPG Forklifts: Their prices typically range from PLN 70,000 to PLN 200,000.
2. Used Forklift

Purchasing a used forklift is an option for those looking to reduce initial costs. While used equipment can be cheaper, several factors need to be considered.

  • Purchase Cost: Used forklifts can be up to 50% cheaper than new ones, making them an attractive option for budget-constrained companies.
  • Technical Condition: It’s essential to thoroughly check the service history and technical condition of the used forklift to avoid unexpected repair costs.
  • Shorter Lifespan: Used forklifts usually have a shorter lifespan than new ones, which can lead to more frequent downtime and higher maintenance costs.
  • Less Manufacturer Support: Used models may not come with a full warranty, increasing financial risk in case of a breakdown.

Example Prices for Used Forklifts:

  • Electric: From PLN 30,000 to PLN 150,000, depending on age, technical condition, and brand.
  • Combustion: From PLN 20,000 to PLN 120,000.
  • LPG: From PLN 25,000 to PLN 130,000.

Additional Initial Costs

In addition to the purchase price, there are other initial costs to consider:

  • Transport: Delivery costs for the forklift to its operational location can range from a few hundred to several thousand PLN, depending on distance and transportation method.
  • Installation and Training: Costs associated with installing additional equipment and training operators can range from several to tens of thousands of PLN.
  • Additional Equipment: Accessories such as brackets, monitoring systems, or specialized tires can increase the initial cost of the forklift by several or even tens of percent.

Forklift Ownership Costs – Operating Costs

Operating costs associated with using a forklift are a key component of the long-term analysis of ownership expenses. They encompass all ongoing expenses incurred during equipment operation. Here are the main components of operating costs:

1. Fuel and Energy

Fuel or electricity costs are one of the primary components of a forklift’s operating costs. Depending on the power type, these can vary significantly.

  • Combustion Forklifts: These run on diesel or gasoline, which can be costly, especially with high consumption. Additionally, combustion forklifts generate emissions, which can lead to extra costs associated with environmental regulations.
  • Electric Forklifts: Charged using electricity, which is generally cheaper than fuel. Electric forklifts are also more environmentally friendly and quieter, which can be beneficial in enclosed spaces.
  • LPG Forklifts: These use liquefied gas, serving as an alternative between combustion and electric forklifts in terms of operating costs.
2. Service and Maintenance

Regular servicing and maintenance of the forklift are essential to ensure trouble-free operation and extend its lifespan. These costs include:

  • Periodic Inspections: Regular technical checks, which may include oil and filter changes, and inspections of hydraulic and electrical systems.
  • Repairs and Parts Replacement: The cost of replacing worn or damaged parts such as tires, brakes, batteries, or forks.
  • Service Costs: Expenses related to the work of technicians and mechanics.
3. Operating Costs

In addition to fuel and service, forklifts also generate other operating costs that can affect total operating expenses.

  • Tires: Tire wear depends on the intensity of forklift usage. Forklifts operating outdoors and on uneven surfaces wear tires faster than those used in warehouses.
  • Batteries: For electric forklifts, battery replacement is necessary every few years, leading to additional costs.
  • Consumables: Such as oils, greases, and coolant fluids, essential for maintaining the forklift in good technical condition.

Forklift Ownership Costs – Additional Costs

1. Insurance
  • Liability Insurance (OC): Mandatory insurance that protects against claims from third parties in case of damages caused by the forklift. OC costs depend on the forklift’s value and the extent of coverage.
  • Comprehensive Insurance (AC): Additional insurance that covers damages resulting from accidents, theft, vandalism, or unforeseen events. AC costs are higher than OC but provide broader protection.
2. Financing Costs
  • Credit: Credit costs include principal payments and interest. The amount of these costs depends on the interest rate, the amount financed, and the repayment period.
  • Leasing: Operational or financial leasing allows the purchase costs to be spread over convenient installments. Leasing costs may include initial fees, leasing installments, and potential buyout costs at the end of the agreement.
3. Operator Training
  • Courses and Certifications: The cost of training for forklift operators.
  • Internal Training: The cost of organizing internal training sessions.
4. Depreciation
  • Useful Life: The typical depreciation period for a forklift ranges from 5 to 10 years, depending on usage intensity and working conditions.
  • Residual Value: The estimated value of the forklift after the depreciation period. The higher the residual value, the lower the annual depreciation costs.

How to Optimize Costs?

  • Regular Inspections: Regular maintenance and technical inspections can prevent costly repairs and extend the forklift’s lifespan.
  • Operator Training: Well-trained operators can significantly reduce fuel consumption and minimize accident risks, leading to lower operational and service costs.
  • Choosing the Right Model: Selecting a forklift model that best meets the company’s needs can significantly impact efficiency and operating costs.
  • Usage Optimization: Efficient management of forklift usage can lead to substantial savings.